Activities

LDF bases its program of activities on set of thematic priorities, and is also able to respond to immediate and emerging issues in the legal and human rights sector. Our ability to respond to partner needs comes from our overarching objective, which is to support Indonesian initiatives, particularly those identified by our primary partners. LDF collaborates closely with government and civil society institutions in identifying needs, and we are assisted in this by a small team of Lead Advisers, who provide technical assistance in each of LDF’s four themes:

LDF developed a gender strategy in 2005. While LDF seeks to ensure a broadly gender inclusive approach to activity development and design, LDF also directly addresses both substantive and structural constraints faced by women in Indonesia through particular initiatives. Further information is contained in the Gender Strategy paper.

LDF operates on a ‘rolling design and deliver’ basis. Our work program is updated every 6 months, and is endorsed by an Advisory Board of eminent Indonesians, prominent in law reform and human rights. AusAID and Bappenas co-chair the LDF Advisory Board, and ensure that initiatives supported by LDF meet the development priorities of both partner governments.

Access to Justice

Our objective in this area is to strengthen the administration of justice in Indonesia by building the capacity of the Indonesian court system to deliver improved services to justice-seekers, and contribute to the empowerment of marginalised groups seeking to enforce their legal rights.

Judicial reform is a key component of LDF’s access to justice work, and partners in this field include the Indonesian Supreme Court, and Indonesian civil society organisations that are leaders in legal reform and policy. A key priority for LDF is to support the Supreme Court's own reform activities. As part of this strategy LDF provides assistance to the Judicial Reform Team Office that assists the Chief Justice with implementation of the blueprints for reform of the Indonesian judiciary. LDF also works with the Constitutional Court, and has collaborated, in the past, with the Judicial Commission. LDF also cooperates extensively with the Religious Courts.

Key implementing partners in LDF's Judicial Reform activities are the Federal Court of Australia (which maintains a unique Court-to-Court Memorandum of Understanding with the Supreme Court) and the Family Court of Australia.

LDF’s work in Access to Justice incorporates a program in the area of legal aid, specifically the publication of a handbook on legal aid developed by YLBHI (the Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation), and a program with LBH (Legal Aid Bureau) Jakarta, addressing regulation of access to legal aid services.

Current activities

LDF is delivering assistance to the Supreme Court in its priority areas of reform: case management; expediting the ‘one-roof’ process (the consolidation of administrative responsibilities for all courts under the Supreme Court); judicial transparency; and enhancing the court system’s budget and financial management capacity. Program highlights include:

• Case Backlog Reduction Program for the Indonesian Supreme Court, in collaboration with the Federal Court of Australia and consultants from Indonesian civil society. This initiative aims to identify, analyse and resolve case management issues at the Supreme Court.
• Access and Equity Survey for the Religious Courts, in collaboration with the Family Court of Australia, and PPIM – Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Masyrakat. This initiative will assist the enhancement of client-focused management and case administration, particularly in the handling of divorce cases across Indonesia.
• Support to Financial Management Reform at the Supreme Court. This activity is lead by a senior Indonesian public sector finance specialist who assists the court in strengthening its financial administration systems, with ongoing advice from the Federal Court of Australia.
• Leadership and Change Management Program at the Supreme Court, delivering innovative and international standard court-centred management training to Justices and administrative staff. The objective is to enhance strategic planning and strengthen change management skills and processes.
• Assistance to the Judicial Reform Team Office, which supports the ongoing implementation of the Supreme Court’s reform program, facilitates coordination of international donor assistance, and provides strategic assistance in other areas, including management reporting and internal communication in the court system.
• Indonesian Legal Aid Handbook 2nd Edition. YLBHI – the Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation – is revising and updating the successful 2006 edition of this new and informative legal resource. In addition, LDF support is assisting with the development of a range of advocacy and training materials to adapt the information found in the publication.

Past activities

Highlights among the activities completed to date include:

• Meetings Between Chief Justices. LDF regularly hosts meetings between the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and Federal Court of Australia to foster their unique Court-to-Court Memorandum of Understanding on judicial cooperation. These meetings allow the court leaderships to review cooperation funded by LDF, and to discuss issues of court administration, management, and reform. In November, 2006, Chief Justice Bagir Manan traveled to Australia and – following working meetings on activities underway – signed an Aide Memoire with the Chief Justice of both the Federal and Family Courts of Australia, concerning the various initiatives underway with LDF assistance.
• Constitutional Court Staff Exchange. In late 2006, LDF facilitated the opening of an historic new relationship between the Indonesian Constitutional Court and the High Court of Australia, when the High Court hosted a Justice Associate from Indonesia for a one-month exchange. The results of the research and observation made during the visit were well-received by the Constitutional Court, and further cooperation is expected to take place in the future.
• Cooperation Between Indonesian Religious Courts and Family Court of Australia. At LDF’s inception, our assistance was sought to explore the possibility of providing assistance to the Religious Courts, which manage a large caseload of, primarily, divorce cases. Since then, LDF has fostered a new Court-to-Court program with the Family Court of Australia, which commenced with the visit of a high-level delegation in December, 2004, and a return visit to Australia of an Indonesian delegation in 2005. Subsequently, the Family Court has provided ongoing advice on strategic planning and management issues, as well as advice on the development of the access and equity survey.
• Court Regulations and Procedure. The Federal Court of Australia provided technical assistance with the development of a new Supreme Court Regulation on Consumer Protection cases, finalised in 2005. In addition, a significant program of mediation training was delivered by Indonesian civil society organisations to judges and registrars, including valuable collaboration with senior representatives of the Federal Court. This followed an earlier research activity initiated by the Supreme Court, to evaluate the effectiveness of court-annexed mediation in Indonesian courts.
• Indonesian Legal Aid Handbook. In 2006 YLBHI launched the first ever national legal aid handbook, which was developed with the assistance of the Fitzroy Legal Service, Melbourne, and in collaboration with PSHKI – Pusat Studi Hukum dan Kebijakan Indonesia. This popular publication is aimed at enhancing access to key legal information for public legal defenders and advocacy groups in Indonesia.
• Draft Law on Legal Aid. LDF supported the development of this important draft law as a means of advancing the policy objectives of the Indonesian legal aid community, to achieve national government commitment to providing funding for legal aid advice in Indonesia. The Lembaga Bantuan Hukum (LBH) in Jakarta leads this activity, and the activity resulted in the publication and dissemination of the draft law, together with a collection of policy papers on the question of legal aid services.

Human Rights

Our objective in this area is to enhance the promotion of human rights in Indonesia by building the capacity of human rights institutions to fulfill their legal and policy mandates, and to assist in promoting gender awareness among legal institutions.

In its Human Rights theme, LDF supports the National Human Rights Commission (Komnas HAM) and the National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan) in institutional strengthening activities and program delivery. LDF has supported a program of strategic planning and project management skills development at Komnas HAM and is helping to strengthen the capacity of regional offices of the Commission. LDF also supports the implementation of the National Action Plan for Human Rights (RANHAM) through cooperation with the Director General for Human Rights Protection at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights (Dit Jen HAM). LDF also funds an annual internship in Geneva for young human rights workers and increasingly seeks to collaborate with civil society organisations.

Current activities

LDF maintains a close working relationship with Komnas HAM, targeting key institutional strengthening activities in the national and regional offices. This program of cooperation is currently being evaluated and re-designed. Komnas Perempuan is the program coordinator for a comprehensive set of initiatives seeking to strengthen the work of law enforcement officers in dealing with cases of violence against women. Program highlights include:

• Geneva Internship. Staff from the Indonesian civil society organsiations ELSAM – Institute for Policy Research and Advocacy – and LBH APIK – a leading women’s legal aid institute – are currently completing 6 month internships with the International Service for Human Rights, the International Commission of Jurists and Association for the Prevention of Torture. They were identified in a competitive selection round, and have been involved in an intense round of activities including observing the activities of UN human rights bodies, and researching specific human rights issues.
• Strengthening the Work of Law Enforcement Officers in Solving Cases of Violence Against Women. The components of this program are coordinated by Komnas Perempuan, with each managed by specialist organisation. This 1-2 year initiative is a continuation of a program developed previously with grant funding from the European Commission. The component programs are:
  
  1. Gender sensitive and human rights-based proposals for the amendment of the Criminal Code – implementing organisation Komans Perempuan;
  2. Training curriculum in gender awareness for Religious Courts judges – implementing organisation Komnas Perempuan;
  3. Gender-awareness training for trainers at the National Police Academy – implementing organisation Derap Warapsari (an organisation formed by retired policewomen);
  4. Research and publication of Supreme Court decisions with significant gender implications – implementing organisation Centre for the Study of Women and Gender, University of Indonesia;
  5. Regional judicial watch network and publication of findings – implementing organisation LBH-APIK (a leading women’s legal aid institute).

Past activities

Highlights among the activities completed to date include:

• Human Rights Training for Lawyers. LDF recently supported ELSAM in conducting its annual training program for Indonesian lawyers. Around 30 young lawyers, activists and researchers from a wide range of regional civil society institutions were brought to Jakarta for a comprehensive introduction to human rights advocacy for lawyers. This successful initiative has been conducted for many years, and is perhaps the only Indonesian national human rights training program.
• Capacity building initiatives at Komnas HAM. LDF has provided extensive assistance to Komnas HAM on a range of institutional development and staff capacity building activities. Most recently, a comprehensive program of initiatives was delivered with the assistance of an Indonesian human rights consultant for Komnas HAM’s regional office network. Staff in the regional offices were trained in strategic planning, conflict mapping and resolution, and project management skills, to faciliate the development of action plans that can respond to local needs. Staff in the Jakarta office were also provided with support to develop a new public campaign on the right to education. Previously, LDF supported the development of the Komnas HAM Strategic Plan, facilitated the design of a staff competency framework, to underpin human resource management, and strengthened IT skills in the information and documentation centre.
• Promotion of National Action Plan on Human Rights (RANHAM). Since its inception, LDF has provided assistance with the implementation of the RANHAM, in cooperation with Dit Jen HAM (Directorate General of Human Rights). The plan, which was launched in 2004, has been rolled out across Indonesia at different levels of government. LDF assisted with a national seminar for 300 District officials, and has also funded several regional coordination workshops.
• Geneva Internship. In 2005, LDF supported the first of a series of internships for young Indonesian human rights defenders, in cooperation with the International Service for Human Rights, and International Commission for Jurists.
• Human Rights Training for Acehnese Police. LDF funded the engagement of an Australian human rights and police training expert to contribute to some of the first human rights training provided to police in Aceh, following the conclusion of the peace agreement. The activity was an initiative of the US funded ICITAP program – International Criminal Investigative Training and Assistance Program.

Anti-Corruption

Our objective in this theme is to reduce the incidence of corruption, supporting Government of Indonesia institutions and civil society organisations. We strive to combat corruption, support efforts aimed at law reform and enforcement, at understanding the causes of corruption, and, also, in administrative reform.

Under the Anti-Corruption theme, LDF provides technical advice and institutional strengthening assistance to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). LDF is specifically targeting assistance in enhancing investigative skills in the Commission and in developing internal training capacity, through developing training staff and providing specific training courses. There has also been extensive cooperation with other programs at the Commission, including those delivered by the Australian Federal Police at the Jakarta Centre for Law Enforcement Cooperation, JCLEC, Semarang.

LDF has collaborated with civil society organsiations in several anti-corruption initiatives, and continues to seek opportunities to work with the non-government sector in this area.

Current activities

We continue to work closely with the KPK through high level technical and policy advice, and staff development training and development of training plans and programs. Program highlights include:

• Training for KPK staff. LDF’s Lead Adviser Anti-Corruption continues to provide training to KPK recruits both in the form of orientation training (on topics such as the nature of corruption), and more specialised subjects. These include introduction to investigations, surveillance and informant handling and interview techniques.
• KPK Training Needs Analysis. LDF is providing follow-on assistance to the Commission following the successful development of a comprehensive analysis and training plan, orientated at facilitating the development of an appropriately skilled workforce. Further areas of assistance include assistance to training staff with skills development and training modules. The TNA exercise, conducted over two phases, provided the KPK with a rationale and structure for personnel management, training and career development.
• Provision of Technical Advice. LDF’s Lead Adviser provides ongoing assistance to the KPK on matters such as mutual legal cooperation and asset tracing.

Past activities

Highlights among the activities completed to date include:

• Transparency International Indonesia Corruption Perceptions Survey. LDF supported TI-Indonesia to conduct its 2006 Indonesian corruption perceptions survey. This survey follows its first such survey, in 2004, providing detailed information on the problems faced by Indonesian businesses in over 30 provincial cities and towns, and identifying the frequency and nature of corrupt transactions with particular agencies and service providers.
• Surveillance, Undercover Work and Informant Handling. Following earlier assistance to the KPK in basic investigation techniques, LDF provided 2 week-long introductory courses to approximately 50 staff at the Commission. This training gave them the necessary skills that would then allow them to begin to put into practice learned techniques, gathering sensitive information to help build investigations.
• Investigation Skills, Management of Exhibits, Search and Seizure Training. LDF’s Lead Adviser has delivered a large number of training courses to KPK staff, providing them with the basic skills necessary to conduct effective investigations. The KPK now possess best-practice competencies in: 1) gathering evidence to support its corruption cases, 2) understand how to plan, and 3) execute more complex investigative operations, as well as having learnt how to structure and conduct interviews of suspects. As part of this series of activities, LDF also cooperated with Australian Federal Police forensic experts, who delivered two workshops introducing KPK staff to document examination and fingerprinting.
• Presentation Skills for KPK Trainers. In cooperation with the Jakarta Centre for Law Enforcement Cooperation (JCLEC) Semarang, LDF arranged for a week-long introduction to training skills for the KPK’s in-house training team.
• Capacity Building for Evidence Handling in Corruption Cases. LDF was requested by the Attorney-General’s Office to provide training and advice on enhancing systems and procedures for gathering and managing evidence in corruption cases. A study was conducted, along with two training workshops, for both the AGO and the KPK. This initiative lead to longer term engagement with the KPK in the field of investigative skills.
• Sub-Regional Anti-Corruption Seminar. In conjunction with a local think-tank, LDF sponsored a two day seminar, conducted by the KPK, at which a sub-regional Memorandum of Understanding was signed by the anti-corruption bodies of Indonesian, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore. This agreement provided the first basis for institutional links between the Indonesian Commission and its regional counterparts. LDF supported the involvement in the seminar of Mr Nick Cowdery QC, NSW Director of Public Prosecutions, then head of the International Association of Prosecutors.

Transnational Crime

Our objective in this theme is to strengthen the ability of legal agencies, to combat transnational crime by increasing their capacity to investigate and prosecute offences, particularly in the areas of money-laundering and counter-terrorism.

In Transnational Crime, LDF’s principal partner is the Attorney-General’s Office. While LDF pursues a range of specific transnational crime activities with the cooperation of the Task Force on Transnational Crime, assistance is also given in managing the reform agenda at the AGO, in a broader sense. In this context, LDF supports the AGO in managing the AGO Agenda for Reform, supporting the work of the Deputy Attorney-General and a reform team at the AGO. LDF has provided assistance in the past with strengthening prosecution skills in a range of transnational crime topics and will continue to assist in this area.

Current activities

LDF continues to focus in the longer term - assisting the AGO to deliver on its internal reform agenda. We are also developing a program of capacity building initiatives aimed at strengthening core investigative and prosecutorial competencies in the complex field of transnational crime. Program highlights include:

• Support for the AGO Reform Program Office. Since mid-2006, LDF has supported the AGO develop and implement a wide-ranging institutional reform agenda. A team of external consultants helps the AGO to coordinate this program, with the assistance of advice and commentary from a reform team composed of representatives of the AGO and external advisers. The Attorney-General has approved a number of concrete reform initiatives which will be rolled-out during 2007.
• Training and Workshops on Transnational Crime. Under the coordination of LDF’s Lead Adviser, a series of in-house activities are being conducted in Kalimantan, Sumatra and Papua. This initiative is being conducted in collaboration with the regional chief prosecutors, the Task Force on Transnational Crime and the AGO Training Centre. The objective is to strengthen the capacity of key AGO staff to investigate and prosecute those cases which frequently involve complex financial transactions and require a high level of cooperation, both inside and outside the AGO.
• Legal Resources for Transnational Crime. LDF is assisting the AGO to develop a range of legal information resources on topics relevant to the management and investigation of complex crimes. We will initially focus on anti money laundering, assisting with the finalisation of a manual for prosecutors, and also with a CD rom tool kit that will provide prosecutors with the necessary information to help conduct their work - including strengthening their capacity to liaise with international counterparts.

Past activities

Highlights among the activities completed to date include:

• High Level Delegation to Australia. In collaboration with Australian government agencies, LDF arranged a visit by a delegation led by the Junior Attorney-General for General Crimes. The group met with Australian counterparts to exchange information on their laws, procedures and experiences with counter-terror prosecutions, along with matters such as mutual legal assistance.
• Specialised Training for Indonesian Prosecutors. LDF has delivered a number of specialised courses tailored to the needs of prosecutors working on counter-terror prosecutions, addressing key competency areas for prosecutors. Most of the courses were conducted at the Jakarta Centre for Law Enforcement Cooperation (JCLEC) and included participants from the Indonesian National Police, and judiciary. The specialised courses included:
  • Witness examination;
  • Counter-terror laws;
  • Presentation of evidence;
  • Indictment preparation;
  • Criminal prosecution.

Immediate and Emerging Issues

LDF has also supported other initiatives aimed at sustainable legal sector reform more broadly including training at the national level in legislative drafting. We will provide further support in the area of legal information systems. LDF also supports seminar and other similar initiatives that relate to its primary themes or that generally promote legal reform.

Highlights among the activities completed to date include:

• Assistance to SekKab (Secretariat for Cabinet) with development of database of laws and regulations;
• A national seminar on legal issues in Aceh post tsunami;
• A legislative drafting skills enhancement program -delivered by Pusat Studi Hukum dan Kebijakan – PSHKI (Centre for Law Studies & Public Policy); and
• Community consultations in Aceh regarding the Draft Law on the Governing of Aceh.

LDF provides assistance from time to time with academic seminars and conferences that enhance understanding in areas of relevance either to LDF's thematic priorities, or, more broadly, to the legal and human rights sector.

LDF Gender Strategy

The rationale for this document is to provide guidance to the Indonesia-Australia Legal Development Facility (LDF) management team and to technical consultants working in the field. The document provides:

• a brief overview of AusAID’s gender policies which affect the LDF;
• an overview of gender equity issues in the legal system;
• an overview of gender issues in the Indonesian legal system, and finally
• a series of recommendations to assist and ‘guide’ implementation to further strengthen best practice in applying gender analysis to the overall goals and objectives of the facility.

AusAID Policy

Recognising that the equality of men and women is an important development goal, as sustainable development can only be achieved with the active participation of all members of the community; Australia’s aid program aims to promote equal opportunities for women and men as participants and beneficiaries of development. The policy acknowledges that the goals and priorities for tackling gender equity will vary from country to country and should be sensitive to the specific needs and priorities of developing country partners.

The gender and development policy has several objectives, namely:

• To improve women’s access to education and health care
• To improve women’s access to economic resources
• To promote women’s participation and leadership in decision making at all levels
• To promote the human rights of women and assist efforts in eliminating discrimination against women.

Achieving gender equity requires a focus on both men's and women’s roles, as they impact their ability and incentive to participate in development activities. Consequently project impacts may be different for men and women. Achieving a gender perspective into aid activities involves applying gender analysis throughout the project cycle

Meeting policy objectives requires close attention to the formulation of activity objectives. It means identifying their relationship to women’s practical needs, such as basic services and income generating capacity, as well as their strategic interests, including: legal rights, protection from domestic violence, and increased decision making, particularly about matters that affect their personal lives.

Gender and Legal Systems

Legal systems reflect society’s underlying cultural attitudes towards women and men. In particular, they reflect how those attitudes influence codes and practices that regulate access and control to resources such as work, land, and credit. Laws and the legal system can be used purposefully to pursue gender equality in these matters. However, it should be noted that gender based discrimination is less often 'de jure' and, more often, de facto. Social change is a slow process and the law is only one of many tools that are needed to improve womens' status. At the same time, it should be noted that entrenched cultural biases often affect the ways in which laws are drafted and applied, even where the intention is to be gender neutral.

Following the typology identified in the 2001 ADB Study on the Sociolegal Status of Women in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Philippines, LDF may categorise the issues as: 1) substantive constraints, 2) structural and institutional constraints, and 3) social/cultural constraints. In designing and implementing activities in support of the blueprint for reform IALDF will be concerned with:

Substantive constraints that may include the following:

• Gender biased and conflicting laws and regulations, and gender biased administrative and judicial interpretations and rulings;
• Gender biases in religious laws and customs;
• Biases in customary and adat law and/or customary rights favourable to women that have been eroded by state law and policies; and
• Failures of legal reform to deal with gender issues resulting from globalization and changes in social patterns and values.

Major structural and institutional constraints that might include:

• Gender biases and insensitivity in administrative agencies including law enforcement agencies, the judiciary and the legal profession;
• Lack of gender equity in the administration of existing laws and inadequate resourcing of agencies dedicated to the protection of women’s interests;
• Limited access to justice and affordable legal services; and
• Lack of political and bureaucratic will to pursue gender sensitive reform of policies and laws and to improve their implementation and enforcement.

In implementing activities and in the conduct of its office, IALDF will also be concerned with social and cultural issues that define roles and work practices based on gender differences.

Government of Indonesia’s Gender Policy

LDF’s cross-cutting gender strategy will support Indonesia’s own strategy for incorporating gender issues into the law and justice sector.

In recent years, the Government of Indonesia has shown support for gender equality and equity in legislation and policy. This includes the 1990 State Guidelines, Law No. 22/1999 on Regional Autonomy, and Law No. 25/2000 on the National Development Plan. The Presidential Instruction 9/2000 on Gender Mainstreaming takes this commitment one step further, providing for gender mainstreaming in all government policies, legislation and programs. The government has also introduced a Zero Tolerance Policy in relation to violence against women and adopted a National Plan of Action for the Elimination of Violence Against Women.

However a study by the ADB in 2001 notes six areas that could be improved through the agency of the legal sector:

• Reform of labour laws to bring about equal remuneration, anti discrimination, and overcome work related harassment,;
• Reform of laws affecting married women’s access to credit;
• Promotion of legal aid centres and legal literacy programs for women to promote awareness of rights and improved access to justice;
• Greater gender awareness in Indonesia’s law schools particularly in training for professional skills;
• Gender sensitization training for all legal policy makers, the judiciary and members of the legislative body; and
• More consistent application of the many laws and regulations that subscribe to gender equity.

Gender Analysis of Participation in the Legal Sector

Participation in the legal sector can occur in one of three ways: as a means of implemention of laws and regulations, as a victim or as an offender. A gender analysis of participation in the Indonesian legal sector (2001), indicates that, as implementers, women are under represented, comprising only about 16% of judges, mediators and legislators. With some very notable exceptions, women do not occupy decision making positions. Their low levels of participation can be attributed both to general discrimination, encountered from training through to selection, as well as the multiple social and economic burdens faced by women in their personal and professional lives.

As there is little available data on women as victims; analysis may be needed of the efforts made by the executive, legislature and judiciary to 1) prevent crimes against women, 2) to evaluate the way in which their complaints are processed examining how they, personally, are supported as victims.

Finally, gender analysis may highlight inequalities in the treatment of offenders, both in a physical sense (which may involve human rights issues), but also in the values applied by prison officials, prosecutors and judges in their treatment of offenders.

IALDF and Targeted Gender Activities

Activities in the LDF portfolio are designed to be inclusive and seek to address gender imbalances in the legal system, whether they are of a professional, technical or of a more fundamental nature. Areas of engagement that will directly address gender equity include:

• Work with the Religious Courts regarding family law;
• Support for human rights including women’s rights; and
• Supporting better access to justice, e.g. through court annexed mediation and the legal aid handbook.

LDF will also consider other specific opportunities that exist to improve gender equity by meeting practical gender needs and strategic gender interests. This may include working with major institutions and NGOs which are dedicated to addressing sociolegal gender issues and whose approach is consistent with the policies of the government of Indonesia and of AusAID.

Incorporating a gender perspective into all LDF activities:

• Identification of key constraints to gender participation, identified during activity preparation for all facility components;
• Strategies to overcome these identified constraints including the setting of quantitative and qualitative targets, against which progress can be monitored and the dedication of project resources to ensure that strategies will be implemented;
• Gender sensitive monitoring indicators and processes are devised to evaluate the impact of the project on women and men and their relationships between them; and
• Counterpart institutional capacity for implementing gender sensitive projects is assessed, and appropriate actions are taken to strengthen this capacity.

This means that project documents must demonstrate gender considerations and, as far as possible, use sex disaggregated data to demonstrate needs, participation and outcomes of any activity. Further, strategies to involve and benefit women must be resourced and budgeted into activity design and implementation. Finally, there should be equity in the participation of both women and men in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of projects, as well as in the benefits of each activity. In this case, equity of participation is not merely a quantitative issue, but also a qualitative issue.